Self-esteem Essay -- Psychology, Anxiety

To date, there is a large body of studies support the function of self-esteem defend against death anxiety. Conventional studies on the intent of self-esteem act as an anxiety buffer to the mortality salience rely on the self-report questionnaire as the measurement tool (Burke et al., 2010). The construct measure by self-report questionnaire is mainly derived from the concept of explicit self-esteem. It is common for the research of TMT using explicit self-esteem indicates the concept of self-esteem and hence to explain their role on mortality salience (Pyszczynski, & Greenberg, 1992).Explicit self-esteem is measured in a conscious way. It is a reliable measure for the construct but we should not ignore the role of unconscious and introspective measurement of self-esteem. However, there is still concern about the social desirability effect on the self-report measurement. Previous research examined that participants had a tendency to devote self-deception and impressive management on the measurement (Paulhus, 1998).It is not necessary to hold the view that self-reflections only process in conscious level. There be evidence revealed that many social cognitive functions operates in a unconscious evaluation (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). Implicit measures of nature have proven useful since the beginning of personality psychology (Wilson, Lindsey, & Schooler, 2000). Scholars have argued that certain self-reflections may similarly operate at unconscious levels. It is assumed that non-conscious self-reflections are inaccessible to rational and conscious and have to observe in an indirect and implicit way (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). The automatic self-reflection is termed as implicit self-esteem. Implicit self-esteem is defined as an aut... ... the other hand, there are several(prenominal) researches to construct self-esteem as other source of self-esteem or other self-related concept on TMT. For example, self-esteem is defined as a self-body characterization and body esteem (Goldenberg, McCoy, Pyszczynski, Greenberg, & Solomon, 2000 Goldenberg & Shackelford, 2005) self-enhancement (Arndt & Goldernberg, 2011) and fitness intentions (Arndt, Schimel, & Goldenberg, 2003).Therefore, it is justified enough to predict that people with high implicit self-esteem can reduce death anxiety by imposing defensive response to the mortality salience. In the theoretical point of view, full understanding of self-esteem in the TMT requires taking into consideration components of self-esteem other than the explicit level. These include implicit self-esteem and hence both implicit and explicit self-esteem will be examined in the current study.

Forensic Scientists Essay -- Criminal Investigative Laboratories, DNA

Even with the reliability of desoxyribonucleic acid examinations, forensic scientists need additional safeguards to ensure the significance of their findings argon not over- or under-interpreted (Willis, 2011, p77). While laboratory techniques for DNA recovery and profiling are well established in criminal investigative laboratories (Bond, et al, 2007, p129), it can be argued that a possible weakness of the use of national databases are understaffing and/or under training of investigators and laboratory staff. Standardization of testing, analysis, evaluation and result presentation to the courts such(prenominal) as that the jury may understand how many people in the population are possible to match the particular DNA profile. This allows the jury to go down on all information presented to direct judgment (Lincoln, 1997, p26).Walsh et al. derived an inferential model for DNA database performance using data from major national DNA database programs in 2010 using the parameters that o ptimizes desirable database outputs as matches (Walsh et al., 2010, p1556). Research has taken important steps toward identifying measures of performance for forensic DNA database operations (Walsh et al., 2010, p1556). With the expansion of the national DNA database, produce rates entrust continue to increase as approximately 25,000 to 35,000 new-fashioned arrestee and convicted offender DNA profiles are entered monthly (Gabriel et al., 2009, p408). Proper use of national DNA databases will strengthen both laboratory and policy efforts with standards that guard against bias and error (NAS, 2009, p111).Regardless of methods, automation or legislation laboratories and criminal investigators involved in forensic sciences must maintain integrity and professional training to expect credibility... ...f how a sample is deemed suitable for entry into the National DNA Database. For example the FBI brutal Justice Information Service Division (Wide Area Network) recognizes entry into the NDIS of a forensic profile requires a DNA profile to contain ten or more specific CODIS core loci (FBI, 2011). As of 2010, England maintains authority at a National level under Home Office and National DNA Database scheme Board (FSS, 2010) to regulate NDNAD entries under seven of 10 core loci requirement. These regulations can often change as technology advances such as that in England new PCR kits allow for testing of 15 loci, and as such if DNA samples are capable of being individualized by an increased number of loci authorities will have to address the possibility of enhanced core loci regulations for entry into national databases, while other countries advance accordingly.

Energy Crisis Interrelated to Global Warming. Photovoltaic Cell †A Pos

capacity Crisis Interrelated to Global Warming. Photovoltaic Cell A PossibleSolutionAbstract-The worlds energy crisis has worse in recent years, as petroleum prices dramaticallyincreased due to the limited amount of available oil. Global warming is considered as a spin-offof energy crisis, because as oil continues to burn in the refining process, CO2 isconstantly emitted to the atmosphere at a fast rate and in great(p) concentrations, which in turn,worsens the global warming situation. Photovoltaic cell technology converts sunlight into directcurrent electricity. This source can be a possible resolving to solve the energy crisis as well as theglobal warming issue.Introduction-Energy crisis has remained a top concern in the world today. Fossil fuels, the close widelyused energy source in the U.S. and in the world, is rapidly being depleted due to the fastconsumption rate. Since we are highly depended on oil for transportation, cooking, andcommunication in our daily lives, the oil storage is starting to run out and eventually it will be allgone. Petroleum oil is always considered as a cheap energy source however, the price of oil perbarrel and per gallon has gone up significantly worldwide. The price of oil has already passed$60 per barrel, due to the energy crisis and oil shortages (Crude Oil Futures Prices NYMEX,2005). The increased oil prices and the limited energy resources will have a great shock to theglobal economy where stock prices fall, unemployment rates increase, economic recession andinflation can occur. Burning fossil fuels are not only causing the real energy crisis in theworld but are leading to global warming as well. Due to the excessive burning of fossil fuels, the... .... Website http//www.cintelliq.com/res_photo.htmRenewable Energy (2005) The Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 23,2005.Website http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyTurner, John A. (1999) A Realizable Renewable Energy Future. Retrieved July 21, 2005, fr omEnergy Viewpoint. Website http//www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/285/5428/687.pdf14The glide slope World Energy Crisis. (2005) Retrieved July 21, 2005 from Planet for life. Websitehttp//planetforlife.com/William, James L. Alhajji, A. F. PhD. (2003). The Coming Energy Crisis?Retrieved July 21, 2005, from Energy Economics Newsletter.Website http//www.wtrg.com/EnergyCrisis/Zittel, Werner. Schindler, Jrg (2003) Future world oil supply. Retrieved July 21, 2005, fromUniversity Salzburg.Website http//www.energiekrise.de/e/articles/International-Summer-School-Salzburg-2002.pdf

Low Carbohydrate Diets Essay -- Science Research Weight Diet Essays

Low Carbohydrate DietsWhat is a carbohydrate? A carbohydrate is a member of a large class of natural organic substances. Carbohydrates argon in almost everything we eat, sometimes in very small amounts but often times in substantial quantities. Some examples of common carbohydrates are sugars, starch and cellulose. Carbohydrates are important because they provide a storage of energy in our bodies that is quickly accessible. In fact, carbohydrates repair up the major source of dietary energy for people all over the world (Stephen 1995). In addition, carbohydrate intake increases levels of a substance called tryptophan in the trunk, which releases serotonin in the brain. Whether this phenomenon affects our hunger and eating habits is still unclear (Fairburn 1993). Carbohydrates are in almost everything we eat, like sugars, starches and cellulose. What you will find on the weathervane about low-carb diets... Almost all of the information that youll find on the world wide web about t he subject of low-carb diets is basically the same. There are thousands of documents, so rather than reading each one of them just look at this brief summary of the information that is out there. Following the web summary is a literature summary of the information contained in published professional and scientific journals about the topic of low-carb diets. What is a low-carb diet? What is the purpose of a low-carb diet? Low-carbohydrate diets are essentially very simple. The idea is that by restricting daily carbohydrate intake, cravings for carbohydrates will eventually subside, resulting in a lower amount of food white plague and weight loss. Low-carb diets are meant to be used as general weight loss plans, especially for people who a... ..., 1995. Peterson, C.M., and L. Jovanic-Peterson. Randomized crossover study of 40% vs. 55% carbohydrate weight loss strategies in women Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 14(4)369-75, Aug, 1995. Racette, S., et all. Effects of aer obic exercise and dietary carbohydrate on energy expenditure and body composition during weight reduction in obese women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 61(3)486-94, March 1995. Stephen, A.M., G.Seiber, Y.Gerster, and D.Morgan. Intake of carbohydrate and its components-- international comparisons, trends over time, and effects of changing to low-fat diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 62(4)851S-867S, Oct. 1995. Wing, R.R., J.Vazquez and C.Ryan. Cognitive effects of ketogenic weight reducing diets International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders. 19(11)811-6, Nov 1995.

The Signal Man :: English Literature

The Signal ManThrough out the story ogre has created a sense of horror andsuspension in his description of the setting, landscape, physicalsurroundings and the weather conditions.At the start of the story the signal musical composition hears a voice cheering downto him from up above, instead of looking up in the direction he heardthe voice coming from, he rancid himself about and looked down theline. This seems rather odd as you would normally look to where youheard the voice. The man shouting down to him, was on a high driblet andhe was steeped in the angry glow of a sunset and the signal mansfigure was foreshortened and shadowed, down in the deep trench so itwas rather awkward for the man to see who he was shout to.The man repeats Halloa Below only then does the signal man catchon who is shouting to him, so he turns himself about , and raises hiseyes and say the mans figure high above him. It then goes on to saythat the signal man looks up to him without replying, and he looked down at him without pressing him too soon with a repetition of hisidle question. There then came a vague vibration in the estate andair, quickly changing into a violent pulsation. This suggests thatthere is a disturbance in nature, this means that the train is coming.After the train had passed, the signal mans looks up once more andmotioned towards a point on the narrators level, the man then headsfor that point. As he headed for that point, he noticed a rough zigzag route jaggy out, this suggests that there could be danger. It thengoes on to describe the setting. The cutting was extremely deep, andunusually precipitous, it is a genuinely dismal and dreary setting. It thensays that the notched out path was made through a clammy stone thatbecame oozier and wetter as it leaded further down the cliff, thisreinforces the setting to be very depressing and gloomy.As he made his way down the zigzag path, the signal man looked asthough he was awaiting his arrival. He had his left establ ish at his chin,and his left elbow rested on his right hand, crossed over his breastHis attitude was one of such expectation and watchfulness, that theman stop at it a moment, wondering at it. This could suggest thatthe signal man was wondering weather the narrator was a ghost or not.The signal man had a very weary appearance it says that he was a

Graduation Speech: We are Blessed to Live in the USA :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Dear fellow students, faculty, friends, and family, My name is Sam Myers and Im from Albania. Coming present was a great experience for me. I grew up in a poor country where the chances to flap a good education were extremely limited. I went to schools with broken windows, and did homework by candlelight because we had no power. I was raised in a simple family by parents who loved me dearly, cared for me, and taught me life values that I carry with me. I wish they were here today. My parents had no educational background and could barely read or write. I had nothing compared to what young people in America have. But my parents communicated to me the importance of a good education, and today I am graduating from Marefat Community College in the United States of America. What a huge difference The clear of communism in Albania in 1990 brought Albanians hope for the future. As every young man, I had dreams and one of them was studying abroad. God brought me here in a wonderful way. While providing medical care for the Kosovo refugees during the war of 1999, I met the people who provided the financial support I needed to come to America. It was exciting and scary at the same time. I had lived all my life with my family in the same country, but it was time for big changes and new adventures. I cherish the wonderful feelings of my first days on the Marefat campus. The easy access of many resources on campus including the library, computer labs, and many others made my learning process easy. I have learned that the key to success is operative hard and focusing on your goal. Despite the many distractions this country offered me, I reminded myself that I had a goal to reach and I was here for a circumstantial purpose. Marefat Community College opened many new doors for my future. One of my greatest experiences was working at the Office of Student Life as a student programmer. I learned to work in a business environment, coordinating events and communicating with students and staff. Working as a team with students from different cultures and backgrounds opened my eyes to get a better picture of the world. For the first time in my life, I met people who did not look like me. As I got to know them, I was able to break the stereotypes I had built growing up in a country that was closed to the rest of the world for 50 years.

Graduation Speech: We are Blessed to Live in the USA :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Dear fellow students, faculty, friends, and family, My name is Sam Myers and Im from Albania. Coming present was a great experience for me. I grew up in a poor country where the chances to hail a good education were extremely limited. I went to schools with broken windows, and did homework by candlelight because we had no power. I was raised in a simple family by parents who loved me dearly, cared for me, and taught me life values that I carry with me. I wish they were here today. My parents had no educational background and could barely read or write. I had nothing compared to what young people in America have. But my parents communicated to me the importance of a good education, and today I am graduating from Marefat Community College in the United States of America. What a huge difference The pin of communism in Albania in 1990 brought Albanians hope for the future. As every young man, I had dreams and one of them was studying abroad. God brought me here in a supernatural way. While providing medical care for the Kosovo refugees during the war of 1999, I met the people who provided the financial support I needed to come to America. It was exciting and scary at the analogous time. I had lived all my life with my family in the same country, but it was time for big changes and new adventures. I cherish the wonderful feelings of my first days on the Marefat campus. The easy access of many resources on campus including the library, computer labs, and many others made my learning process easy. I have learned that the key to success is on the job(p) hard and focusing on your goal. Despite the many distractions this country offered me, I reminded myself that I had a goal to reach and I was here for a particularized purpose. Marefat Community College opened many new doors for my future. One of my greatest experiences was working at the Office of Student Life as a student programmer. I learned to work in a business environment, coordinating events and communica ting with students and staff. Working as a team with students from different cultures and backgrounds opened my eyes to get a better picture of the world. For the first time in my life, I met people who did not look like me. As I got to know them, I was able to break the stereotypes I had built growing up in a country that was closed to the rest of the world for 50 years.

Case Study: Active Data Warehousing

1. Describe active info repositing as it is applied at Continental Airlines. Does Continental apply active or real time wargonho apply differently than this c at oncept is normally described? An active data w atomic number 18housing, or ADW, is a data warehouse implementation that fight downs near-time or near-real-time decision making. It is featured by event-driven actions that are triggered by a continuous stream of queries that are generated by people or applications regarding an organization or company against a broad, deep coarse set of enterprise data.Continental uses active data warehousing to keep track of their companys daily progress and performance. Continentals instruction team up holds an operations meeting every morning to discuss how their company is performing in regards to the data collected by their active data warehousing program. The focusing team believes, you cant manage what you cant measure, so they use active data warehousing to keep track of their cu stomers experience season using Continental Airlines.The information that the anxiety team uses to analyze their company in regards to customer relationship is on-time arrival, on-time departures, baggage handling, and other key performance indicators. Continental also uses active data warehousing for revenue management, revenue accounting, flight operations, fraud detection and air passage security. Continental re structured their goals to try to become customers favorite airline to use. They use their active data warehousing to gain as much information about the companys performance as well as the customers experience.They use this real-time warehousing program to interpret information that is provided and make changes that will better improve their customers experience and help Continental better event their seam in regards to their customers needs. 2. In what ways does real-time data warehousing fit with the Continental strategy and plans? Continental Airlines decided to sh ift their strategy once they went from worst to first. The new goal that they wanted to achieve was making the move from first to favorite. Continentals new strategy and plan of becoming their customers favorite airline could unaccompanied be achieved by using real-time data warehousing. Continental made plans to become the favorite airline and their strategy involved making argument decisions base on information they receive from real-time data warehousing such as on-time arrival, on-time departures, baggage handling, and other key performance indicators. This information gives the Continental management team the necessity information needed to make corrections or changes in position to better their customers experience while using Continental Airlines.Continentals strategy and plans to become the favorite airline would be much harder to accomplish without real-time data warehousing. They need this information in order to realize what move of their company need to be tweaked to keep the customer happy. Without real-time data warehousing Continental wouldnt be able to achieve their goal of pathetic from first to favorite. 3. Describe the benefits of real-time data warehousing at Continental. Real-time data warehousing has allowed Continental to make significant changes to its business in a variety of ways.According to Continentals president and COO Larry Kellner, Real-time BI is critical to the accomplishment of our business strategy and has created significant business benefits. There is a wide-range of benefits that Continental has gained from real-time or active data warehouse in the categories of marketing, corporate security, IT, and revenue management. One key benefit in the marketing field of operations is the average increase of travel amongst Continentals most valuable customers, approximately $800 per customer (35,000 customers).A central benefit in is that all employees have the office to access measurable facts and information about it s customers and the business in its entirety. This in turn allowed Continental to check passenger reservations and flight manifests by cross-referencing with the FBIs see list only hours about the 9/11 attacks, deciding if it was safe to fly. Above all, Continental has recognized over $500 million of cost conservation and revenue generation (tracking and forecasting, fare throws and analysis, and full reservation analysis) due to the advantages of the business intelligence. . What elements of the data warehousing environment at Continental are necessary to support the extensive end-user business intelligence application development that occurs? There are numerous elements of the data warehousing environment at Continental that are necessary in the support of the extensive end-user BI application development that takes place. Two important elements that are necessary to discuss are the systems scalability and data security. Since the real-time data warehousing warehouse never gets rid of information, the essence of data increases exponentially over time.Additionally, with the development of BI application, the number of uses will also increase. To deal with the amount of usage and data, the data warehouse at Continental should have scalability which allows the data warehouse to expand the accessible disc space and throughput. The Continental design team took this into account when going through the architecture design of the warehouse. The other element that is important to take care of is data security. Data security is extremely important when a company handles customer information and personal data.Continentals warehouse stores all of the customers information that can be accessed by other users in order to gain the data that they need. The customers can rest assured knowing that their personal information (i. e. social security numbers and credit card numbers) are protected from being opened by any users that are not authorized to view this sensitive in formation. 5. What special issues about data warehouse management (e. g. , data capture and loading for the data warehouse (ETL processes) and query workload balancing) does this subject suggest occur for real-time data warehousing? How has Continental communicate these issues?Real-time data warehousing creates some special issues that need to be solved by data warehouse management. These can create issues because of the extensive technicality that is involved for not only planning the system, but also managing problems as they arise. Two aspects of the BI system that need to be organized in order to elude any technical problems are the architecture design and query workload balancing. Architecture design is important because when a company is progressively receiving business and different aspects of the customers usage of the company changes the warehouse needs to frequently be updated.Continental planned for the company to use real-time data warehousing so they structured the d esign to accommodate for the demand of real-time information. The information then became easier to update the warehouse in a timely manner. Query workload balancing is some other important aspect of the warehouse that needed to be addressed in order to fulfill Continentals need to use the warehouse for tactical and strategic purposes. Continental would run into issues of backed up query processing in their warehouse if query workload balancing wasnt introduced.The queries would be processed in a first in first out system and would essentially cause backups. Continental resolved this issue by making the warehouse process queries check to the query type. They set up the warehouse to process the specific queries that access single records first and marked them with high priority. Then they prioritized other queries to either be marked with medium priority or low priority depending on what information they are asking for and for what author its needed.Continentals utilization of usi ng prioritized groupings of queries has led them to be able to process information in a timely manner that is most convenient for the person trying to access this information. (Information regarding the case as well not sure which one you wanted so I included both) There are two issues that the case study suggests in terms of data management. The first is to recognize that some data cannot and should not be real-time, for three reasons. The first is that Continental knows that real-time data feed are hard to administer because the constant flow of transaction data must always be supervised.The second reason is the need for extra hardware. The last reason Continental is extremely cautious with the movement of additional data is because real-time data feed is extremely costly to bring about. The second issue Continental deals with when it comes to data warehouse management is having the right people in the right positions. Anny individual who handles any aspect of a real-time warehous e must be highly qualified and knowledgeable in both technology and business.According to the case study, At Continental, data warehouse staff members in the more technical positions (e. g. , design of ETL processes) have degrees in computer science. Some of them previously built and maintained reservation systems before they joined the warehouse team. Consequently, they have experience with transaction oriented, real-time systems, which serves them well for real-time BI and data warehousing. The warehouse team members who work closely with the business units have previous work experience in the business areas they now support.

Code of Ethics ( Automobile Industry )

Subject Business Ethics Project ONZAA Automobiles Dated 20/04/2012 Submitted To Sir Assad Submitted By Muhammad Naeem ( 068 ) Muhammad Adeel Kahlid ( 021 ) Adil Farooq ( 039 ) Umar Sadiq ( 041 ) Muhammad Ziad Iftikhar ( 032 ) departmentManagement Table of contents Introduction05 Guiding Principles at ONZAA.. 6 What is the ONZAA Code of Conduct07 ONZAA AND US.. 08 OUR ACTIVITIES IN THE COMPANY.. 09 1. Compliance with laws and regulations10 2. utilization and Management of Assets and mysterious Matters10 3. Insider trading. 10 4. Activities promoting condomty.. 11 5. environmental preservation forgeivities. 11 6.Research and Development Activities. 11 7. Production and Distribution Activities. 12 8. Sales Activities.. 12 9. Overseas Business Activities.. 13 10. Profit baron Enhancement Activities. 13 SOCIETY AND US14 1. Corporate conversation Activities.. 14 2. liberality and Community Relations14 3.Corporate Communication Activities.. 15 4. Shargonholder Relations. 15 5. Poli tical and Religious Activities. 15 6. Government Relations16 7. commerce Safety Education Activities16 8. Disaster taproom and Crime Pr eccentricion Activities. 16 With Our Business Partners. 17 1. Social Responsibility. 17 2.Sustainable Relationships. 17 3. world(prenominal) procural. 17 4. Business Continuity Plan.. 17 rightfulness in the Workplace18 Fair workment and Respect18 1. gibe Employment Opportunity 18 2. Health and Safety 18 Accurate Information, Records, and Communications19 Treat Every superstar with Respect. 0 Gifts, Favors and Conflicts of Interest. 21 inference.. 24 References.. 25 Introduction Since our founding, we have always pursued the development of products that offer superior honour and ease up to an affluent lifestyle for our customers. The Suzuki name and our real lineup of products, consisting mostly of motorcycles, automobiles, outboards, electric vehicles, etc. , is bring forward ofed by many not only domesticall(a)y, but as a global brand i n countries throughout the world.We believe that in order to apply our line of merchandise activities and continue to hold the blaspheme and respect, it is important to provide the customer with satisfaction through our valued products, be intermediateing obeying the rules, and show transparency in free activities as a global corporate citizen. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become increasingly bountiful and as described pre-previously, we fully acknowledge its meaning and importance. Corporate Social Responsibility to Suzuki is providing our customers with products of value and above all, obeying the laws and rules, and acting fair and in reasoned faith.In a word Compliance in its Literal sense. We must maintain the trust of our customers, clientele partners, investors, local anesthetic communities, employees and other s demandholders, and build solid transactionhips through compliance. Our first Environmental Report has been published since 1999. Last year, wit h the addition of mixer aspects, we published our Environmental and Social Report. From this year we present ONZAAs CSR Concepts and Activities, in a more encyclopaedic and systematic format so that more people butt read with greater interest.We bank that this report provides the reader with a good opportunity to go out our CSR activities. Guiding Principles at ONZAA 1. Honor the language and spirit of the law of every nation and undertake open and fair corporate activities to be a good corporate citizen of the world. 2. Respect the culture and customs of every nation and contribute to economic and affectionate development through corporate activities in the communities. 3. Dedicate ourselves to providing clear-cut and safe products and to enhancing the quality of life everywhere through all our activities. . Create and develop march on technologies and provide outstanding products and services that fulfill the ineluctably of customers general. 5. sustain a corporate cult ure that put ups individual creativity and teamwork value, time honoring joint trust and respect between labor and counsel. 6. Pursue growth in harmony with the global community through innovative attention. 7. Work with occupation partners in seek and creation to achieve stable, long-run growth and mutual benefits, turn keeping ourselves open to new partnerships.What is the ONZAA Code of Conduct? Our daily business operations are built on and supported by the corporate school of thought and its Values and methods that have developed through years of diligent effort and passed down from Generation to generation through ONZAA MOTOR CORPORATION and its subsidiaries ( ONZAA). ONZAA & US by our communication and dialogue with the company, we (people operative(a) for ONZAA) extend to to build and share fun dam upental value of coarse Trust and Mutual Responsibility.ONZAA (ONZAA MOTORCORPORATION and its subsidiaries) endeavors to improve its business achievements so that O NZAA can continue to provide employment and air and stable running(a) conditions for for each one of us. Simultaneously, ONZAA promotes a work environment in which each of us can work in harmonious and dynamic manner. In return, each of us implement the ONZAA Code of Conduct and endeavor to fulfill our duties with integrity. By fully utilizing our ability and capabilities and cooperating with others working for ONZAA, we continue to improve the business performance of ONZAA.OUR ACTIVITIES IN THE COMPANY Based on a philosophy of Customer First, ONZAA strives to provide attractive products and services that meet the needs of customers worldwide. ONZAA besides seeks to achieve the top-level world standard in environmental breastplate and safety measures. In these regard, ONZAA is unfolding daring plans two domestically and abroad concerning environment and safety, and in relation to research, development, procurement, turn outoff, distribution, sales and services.When carrying out our work, each of us should all be aware that our work is linked to all of the business activities of the company. In this regard, ONZAA does not tolerate il sub judice or criminal acts or acts in violation of the company policy and rules, regardless of whether much(prenominal) acts were motivated in the interests of the company or in the interests of the customer. We should combine with the law and should always act with awareness and responsibility.We should rise to the challenge of solving the many issues that arise, as customer needs diversify and as progress is made in Toyotas globalization, such as mastering of the worlds most advanced technologies, establishing the worlds most commensurate procurement and supply networks, meeting environmental and safety standards, and improving customer satisfaction. 1. Compliance with laws and regulations ONZAA will comply with applicable laws, internal company policies and rules, abide by sound Social norms, and take attach action against any illegal or criminal acts or act in violation of The corporations policies and rules.ONZAA will not make any exceptions to this commitment, regardless of whether an unlawful act is motivated in the interests of the company or in the interests of the customer, or carried out under the instructions of ones superior. We should implement the ONZAA Code of Conduct and make a commitment to comply with applicable laws, as well as internal company policies and rules, and to abide by sound social norms in all aspects of our work. 2. Use and Management of Assets and Confidential Matters Ensuring asset maintenance and confidentiality managementONZAA possesses a wide variety of tangible and intangible assets that are indispensable and invaluable to its successful business operations. In order for ONZAA to aim up such assets effectively and at any time during the course of its business activities, ONZAA manages such assets with a firm hand in order to prevent such assets from bei ng lost, stolen or used illegally or wrongfully. ONZAA endeavors to manage and protect confidential teaching (e. g. , its trade secrets) and tousle such study in an appropriate manner.At the same time, ONZAA does not tolerate the illegal use of other partys assets or intellectual property or the unauthorized use of another partys confidential information. We must manage and protect ONZAAs assets, intellectual property, company secrets (such astride secrets etc. ) and personal information, as well as respect the assets, intellectual property and confidential information of others. 3. Insider trading ONZAA possesses a large amount of valuable internal (confidential) information and does no tallow people working for it to pledge in insider trading, such as using confidential information to buy and/or sell stocks.We must understand that insider trading is clearly not permitted. Not only is it illegal in many countries, but it as well as destroys the mutual trust that ONZAA has buil t with its investors, affiliated companies and business partners. Therefore, we shall not engage in or permit any insider trading. 4. Activities promoting safety For an automotive manufacturing company such as ONZAA, the pursuit of safer vehicles is always one of its main challenges and thrill.ONZAA endeavors as a group, in cooperation with our providers and dealers, to engage in research and development, design, production, quality control and after-sales services in order to deliver its customers ONZAA and/or Lexus vehicles that display sophisticated safety levels under unhomogeneous conditions and that provide a comfortable experience for drivers. ONZAA will also be actively involved with People Education (i. e. , Driver Education) and with improving the Traffic Environment. We should endeavor to think from the standpoint of our customers and pursue ways to make vehicles safer and offer our customers safety and trust. . Environmental preservation activities ONZAA has a deep und erstanding of the necessity of environmental saving on a global scale. Therefore, ONZAA has decided to dedicate ourselves to providing clean and safe products and to enhancing the quality of life everywhere through all our activities (Guiding Principles 3). Furthermore, ONZAA has developed a proactive policy and plans to assure continual improvements in environmental performance in the ONZAA Earth Charter and ONZAA Environmental Action Plan.ONZAA regards environmental issues as one of the companys major challenges and takes environmental impact into consideration at all life-cycle stages of its vehicles, including development, production, usage and disposal. ONZAA promotes compliance with internationalistic environmental standards, implementation of enhanced environmental assessments, and realizing the principle of building people and environmentally friendly vehicles in cooperation with its suppliers, dealers, etc. We must endeavor to attain the highest level of environmental ste wardship in each agricultural and area. . Research and Development Activities Developing vehicles from the standpoint of our customers In order to provide innovative, safe and outstanding high-quality products and services that meet the needs of customers through research and figure, ONZAA has established research and development centers around the world. These centers are well-staffed with leading innovators and actively cooperate with other ONZAA group companies, as well as universities and research institutes, in order to strongly promote research and evelopment of advanced technologies in various fields. ONZAA does not tolerate research and development that violates any applicable laws or breaches of its agreements with its research and development partners. ONZAA also does not tolerate the illegal or unauthorized use of another partys intellectual property. Our goal is to develop vehicles from the customers location and to promote research and development. We respect the vie ws of our research and development partners and seek to cultivate and maintain mutual trust.In addition, we use our best efforts to build a dealingship of mutual trust by satisfying our obligations to our partners. We shall be mindful of respecting the intellectual property rights of others when conducting research and development and when realizing production. 7. Production and Distribution Activities ONZAA endeavors to produce high-quality ONZAA and Lexus vehicles and parts and deliver them in an efficient manner in order to meet customers expectations.In order to realize such production and supply goals, ONZAA endeavors to build the worlds optimum production network and a global distribution network. In addition, in order to enhance the global competitiveness of ONZAA and Lexus vehicles, ONZAA developed the Toyota Production System, which continues to evolve agree to the characteristics of particular regions of the world and fair games to achieve worker and environmentally fri endly plants. We endeavor to maintain the safety and quality of products and to comply with laws related to production and distribution. 8.Sales Activities loving the trust of customers and dealers Based on the pursual three ideas, ONZAA strives to build a sales and service structure that meets various customer needs in a well timed(p) manner. In order to achieve such structure, ONZAA endeavors to build relationships with dealers based on mutual trust, and to bring mutual growth and support for fair ambition and transactions. (a) ism of Customer First Based on a Customer First philosophy, ONZAA strives to create a sale and service structure that promptly responds to the various needs of customers world wide.To achieve this, ONZAA develops products that meet customer expectations and implements a marketing strategy and sales style that matches the product profiles and various customer needs. (b) Mutual growth based on mutual trust ONZAA develops and provides attractive product l ineups, various styles of dealer showrooms and sales styles, and a meticulous customer and revenue management system. ONZAA does this to contribute to the improvement of sales efficiency and profitability of its dedicated dealers, to build mutual trust and to bring mutual growth. c) Importance of fair market competition ONZAA respects free trade and market competition, implements ambitious sales strategies in order to obtain customer satisfaction and support in various areas of the world, and endeavors to engage in fair competition and transactions. We conduct our sales activities with the above ideas in mind. 9. Overseas Business Activities To become a global company trusted worldwide ONZAA engages in business worldwide and many of its activities are conducted outside Japan, including not only manufacturing activities, but also research and development.ONZAA recognizes the ever-changing environment surrounding its business operations, global diversity, the specificity of each local area in terms of its own rules and customs, etc. , and the rapid changes in world political and economic climate. ONZAA respects international rules and laws, as well as the culture, customs and history of local societies. Thus, ONZAA promotes its business activities from both a global and local standpoint so as to contribute to the development of local economies and baseball club.We contribute to expansion of ONZAAs business overseas by respecting the culture, customs and history of each country, as well as national, regional and international laws and rules. 10. Profitability Enhancement Activities Building a stronger profit foundation In order to respond to the expectations of investors and society, ONZAA endeavors to perform various measures to improve business management efficiency, achieve sustainable increases in profit and strengthen the foundation of its management and profit. When determining investments or financing for various domestic and overseas projects.SOCIETY & U S through and through its business, ONZAA creates close relationships with society and its stakeholders (customers, shareholders, local communities, etc. ). Based on the basic understanding that as a member of society, the company engages in business that contributes to society, ONZAA operates its business in an open and fair manner. Through active public relations activities, investor relations and philanthropy, ONZAA aims to be a good corporate citizen that is trusted by the international community. ONZAAs business is expanding rapidly worldwide.ONZAA feels that the support and trust of stakeholders in ONZAA has supported the company realize such expansion, and ONZAA should not for dismay gratitude towards its stakeholders. Thus, ONZAA will respond stringently with respect to illegal or criminal acts and acts that are not socially acceptable, regardless of whether job-related or whether in private situation. ONZAA also strongly desires that the people working for ONZAA, a compan y busy in automotive business, are aware of traffic safety and lead safe and pleasant lives. We support ONZAAs aim to become a good corporate citizen that is trusted by the international community.We strive to go by openly and fairly with stakeholders, to gain more ONZAA fans, as well as to engage in activities that contribute to societys sustainable development. We must also act, at all times, including when carrying out our works, in a manner that does not provoke unnecessary misunderstanding or misapprehensions, and to act with humility, honesty, and integrity. Regardless of whether at work or in a private situtation, we should pay careful attention to traffic safety, obtain basic legal knowledge, and be aware of common social protocol.We need to do this so that we can be sensitive to illegal or criminal acts or acts that are against societys common morals, and take swift and forceful actions against such acts. 1. Corporate Communication Activities Communicating facts in an co mplete and timely fashion Being kick in and Fair -In order to become an open company and win the trust of society, ONZAA strives to communicate accurate and timely information to its stakeholders through active public relations and public dialogue, so as to enhance its corporate image and transparency.ONZAA listens to and respects its stakeholders criticisms and suggestions, and incorporates these as appropriate into its business. We endeavor to build positive relationships with stakeholders through open and fair communication. 2. Philanthropy and Community Relations Becoming a corporate citizen trusted by international society -Towards attaining an enriched society and sustainable development, ONZAA, in cooperation with society, strives to effectively use its resources and to engage in activities contributing to society.Such activities are aimed at alleviating societal problems or issues and let in initiatives with respect to the nurturing of personnel, the environment, and traffi c safety. As a global company, ONZAA contributes to creating a sustainable society from the broad perspective of the future of the human beings and humanity. As a good corporate citizen, ONZAA also focuses on local communities and focuses on social issues that each local community faces and endeavors to resolve such social issues. As members of the local community, we will take an interest in and gain awareness of local social issues.Based on such awareness, we will actively take part in philanthropic initiatives such as volunteer activities. 3. Corporate Communication Activities Communicating facts in an accurate and timely fashion Being Open and Fair -In order to become an open company and win the trust of society, ONZAA strives to communicate accurate and timely information to its stakeholders through active public relations and public dialogue, so as to enhance its corporate image and transparency. ONZAA listens to and respects its stakeholders criticisms and suggestions, and incorporates these as appropriate into its business.We endeavor to build positive relationships with stakeholders through open and fair communication. 4. Shareholder Relations Respect for shareholders benefit In order to respond to the expectations of shareholders and investors worldwide, ONZAA strives to operate its business globally and to enhance corporate value, while achieving stable and long-term growth. ONZAA considers relationships with investors to be important, and through timely and fair investor relationship activities, endeavors to promote understanding of its corporate management and business activities.As for corporate governance, ONZAA strives to enhance the transparency of its management and actively incorporates management -checks conducted by independent parties. We endeavor to contribute, through our work, to ONZAAs efforts to meet the expectations of its shareholders and investors worldwide. 5. Political and Religious Activities Moderate participation In the abs ence of any share of concern (e. g. , such as the possibility that the activity will hinder the conduct of business), ONZAA respects participation in politics by people working for ONZAA and does not, in any way, interfere with individuals religious activities.However, these are private activities and, in principle, they cannot be conducted on company premises or in company time. We respect the rights of other people working for ONZAA to participate in political and religious activities in a moderate manner. 6. Government Relations Maintaining proper and transparent relations ONZAA strives to build transparent and fair relationships with political parties or administrative bodies (government agencies and public officials) and takes appropriate actions to comply with applicable laws and regulations.We maintain healthy and transparent relationships with political and administrative bodies and public officials. 7. Traffic Safety Education Activities Improve traffic safety awareness of society as a whole In order to help create a safe and comfortable society, in addition to pursuit of safer vehicles, ONZAA actively promotes traffic safety education activities designed for todays realities. ONZAA strives to enhance traffic safety awareness not only among people working for ONZAA, but within society as a whole.Recognizing the responsibilities of a company engaged in the automobile industry, we abide by traffic rules, and endeavor to be single-valued function models by safe driving and actively promoting traffic safety. 8. Disaster Prevention and Crime Prevention Activities Creation of a safe society ONZAA, in cooperation with the local community, engages in disaster prevention activities and contributes to the recovery of local communities in the event of an actual disaster. ONZAA actively engages in crime prevention activities and the promotion of a safe society.Each one of us will maintain high moral standards and actively participate in the creation of a safe s ociety. With Our Business Partners 1. Social Responsibility We feel that the highest anteriority must be placed on our mission statement Develop products of superior value by focusing on the customer when contributing to society. And in creating products of value, it is our belief that the procurement sections role is to work in mutual cooperation with our business partners so that both parties may prosper.We select our business partners through an impartial procedure based on quality, cost, deadline delivery, and skilful development capabilities. And we have an open door policy, which offers the chance of teaming up with ONZAA regardless of size or track record. 2. Sustainable Relationships In creating trusting relationships with our business partners we hope to build sustainable relationships. And because we feel that mutual communication is an important part of this, we promote the sharing of ideas not only with the top management but also among middle management and project he ads, etc. . Global Procurement We are working to develop stronger global procurement activities by working with global manufacturing bases. Procurement activities in the past were mainly focused on individual bases, but we have shifted to a more global approach to obtain the most suitable parts at competitive prices. This benefits not only ONZAA, but also our business partners who benefit with volume order stability, and also give way to the gathering of technology. By sharing these merits we can build more confident relationships. 4. Business Continuity PlanIn addition to earthquake-proof reinforcing of individual office buildings, we have started compilation of a business continuity plan (BCP). We also recognize our responsibility to local communities, our business partners and customers for being prepared for large-scale disasters, including earthquakes, and recommend quakeproofing measures to our partners located in areas that are likely to experience heavy damage. We are also prepared to aid our business partners in their recovery if they should fall victim to such disaster. virtue in the Workplace Fair Treatment and RespectWe hire, promote, train, and pay based on merit, experience, or other work-related criteria. We value the wide range of backgrounds of our employees. Our diversity is a strength in the increasingly diverse marketplace. And we strive to create work environments that accept and tolerate differences while promoting productivity and teamwork. Each of us is responsible for creating and maintaining a productive work environment where the dignity of all employees is respected. 1. Equal Employment Opportunity ONZAA is committed to equal employment opportunity.ONZAA extends employment opportunities to all qualified applicants and employees and strives to maintain workplace environments free of discrimination, hostility and physical or verbal harassment with respect to age, race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, sexual orien tation, gender identity/expression, or being a disabled veteran, a veteran of the Vietnam Era, or other covered veterans. ONZAA employees are entitled to a work environment free from conduct that even appears disrespectful.Certain jokes, cartoons, pictures, language, gestures, and wretched may offend people and may result in a hostile work environment, which ONZAA does not tolerate. 2. Health and Safety ONZAAs overriding frontity is to protect the health and safety of each employee. We all have a stake in a healthy, injury-free work environment that protects the health and safety of each employee. We should not compromise any persons well-being in anything we do. This means following procedures for reducing accident risks, and it means using equipment safely.It means following safe workplace practices ? no exceptions, no shortcuts. It means promptly voicing safety concerns to supervisors, so we can correct situations that may endanger employees. Dont assume that a safety hazard ha s been reported take responsibility for reporting it yourself. ONZAA encourages employees to continue safe practices outside of the office, such as following safe driving practices wearing your seatbelt avoiding distractions (cell phones and texting) not driving while impaired and obeying traffic laws and speed limits.Accurate Information, Records, and Communications Intentionally creating or inserting false or misleading information in any ONZAA financial or other business record is strictly prohibited. Inaccurate information leads to bad decisions by ONZAA. And our customers, suppliers, investors, business partners, communities, and government officials swan on us for accurate information. All business records are to be maintained accurately. Whenever an inaccuracy demotes its way into a record, it should be corrected and, where appropriate, the reasons for the correction should be noted.This is also important in engineering records. An inaccurate record is an open loop. We ne ed to close the loop by clarifying and supplementing the open loop record with the accurate data or judgment. We must also ensure that ONZAAs business records are available to meet the companys business needs, including legal and tax revenue requirements. Thats why we must comply with ONZAAs Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) policies in creating, managing, and disposing of all ONZAA records. Be alert to and observe Litigation Holds. These are instructions from the LegalStaff requiring that certain records be retained beyond normal retention periods for legal or compliance reasons. Failure to comply with Litigation Holds can result in serious harm to ONZAA and its employees. It is unlawful to destroy, conceal, alter, or falsify any ONZAA business or other record, document, or object for the purpose of obstructing or influencing any reason or other legal or governmental proceeding or investigation. The ONZAA Information Security Policy and Practices provide guidance on the clas sification and protection of ONZAA information.The ONZAA ILM policies provide guidance on creating, maintaining, and disposing of all ONZAA records containing ONZAA information, and for the Acceptable Use Practices that govern use of ONZAA information resources. These policies also apply to those third parties, including contract workers, who have bother to ONZAA information. Each of us must learn and comply with ONZAA Information Security and Information Lifecycle Management policies and Acceptable Use Practices applicable to our jobs.This includes everything from securing workstations, to keeping passwords secret, and much more. Treat Everyone With Respect Remember that customers, colleagues, supervisors, suppliers and competitors may have access to whatever you post. These individuals reflect a diverse set of customs, values and viewpoints. Offensive, demeaning, abusive or improper remarks are as out-of-place online as they are offline. You are expected to abide by the same sta ndards of behavior both in the workplace and in your social media communications.Be alive(predicate) That Your Online Communications Travel Fast, Remain Forever and Are Usually NOT Private There are no secrets on the Internet. Information you may think you have protected as private on some social media sites may be accessed by others. Make sure you will have no regrets about what you said or did online if a reporter, a relative or your manager were to view it. If you are still unclear what actions are considered to be a violation of ONZAA policy, please refer to the Social Media Policy?Whether you are using email, voice mail, or social media channels, never make any illegal, unethical, unauthorized, or disruptive use of ONZAA information systems or equipment. This includes, for example, accessing, transmitting, or storing inappropriate material (e. g. , pornography, depicted nudity, lewd or violent materials, chain letters, sexually oriented jokes or cartoons, or other offensive/de meaning material related to age, race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, or sexual orientation).Violations will subject you to disciplinary action up to and including discharge. If you get an inappropriate message, or are confronted with instances of unethical business practices or behavior, report it to your leader, or contact the Aware line. Gifts, Favors and Conflicts of Interest Do not use your space at the family to privately enrich yourself or others (such as family or friends). In fact, you should avoid situations that could even look to outsiders as if you are doing something improper. Never carry for a gift or favor from an individual or organization that does business with the Company, or is actively seeking to do business with the Company. Accept a gift or favor that is freely offered by suppliers, dealers, and others only if it is of nominal value, involves a normal sales promotion, advertising, or publicity, and there is a legitimate business purpo se. In the United States, $50 is considered to be nominal value. See your local appendix, or ask your benevolent resources instance to find out what is considered nominal value in your country. Never accepts any of the following types of gifts or favors from an individual or organization that does business with the Company, or is actively seeking to do business with the Company Cash, gift certificates, or a gift of packaged alcohol (including beer or wine) Tickets to any event, unless the supplier is in attendance and the situation meets all other fun limitations A loan, unless it is from a regular financial institution on normal terms Discounts on goods or services, unless the supplier makes them generally available to all employees in the Company Gifts or other donations for parties or social events attended principally by Company personnel (for example, retirement or holiday parties) Return inappropriate gifts with a polite note explaining the Companys policy. If it is n ot possible or practical for you to return the gift, consult your local Human r resources representative to determine what to do with the gift. Ask if you are not sure if something is appropriate.You may ask your manager, your local Human resources representative, the office of the General Counsel, or your local legal office. Know and follow Company policies regarding accepting refreshments, recreation, and other social events associated with your work at the Company You may accept refreshments provided by a supplier while attending a business meeting. You may accept only one meal per quarter per supplier. You may accept only one meal per week, in total, from all suppliers. You may accept up to two entertainment events (such as a golf outing, or a sporting, theatrical, or cultural event) per calendar year, per supplier, provided that the supplier is in attendance and the event does not require extensive travel or an overnight stay. Do not attend an event that involves adult en tertainment when you are on Company business. Do not travel on a suppliers aircraft or vehicle for transportation unless it is an authorized Company business trip (such as a trip to a suppliers plant for a Quality review, or a local social event that complies with the Companys entertainment policies). Additionally, any travel on a suppliers aircraft must meet the requirements of directive. Although you may accept invitations from four-fold suppliers, remember that frequent acceptance of gifts or invitations (even if within policy limitations) may create an appearance of impropriety. You may accept a gift while at a supplier-paid event, as long as the gift is of nominal value.Remember, prizes given out at such events are considered gifts. Therefore, you may not accept a prize of greater than nominal value, even if you win a contest to qualify for the prize. See your local appendix, or ask your Human resources representative to find out what is considered nominal value in your cou ntry. Use good judgment when you are offered gifts or invitations. If there is any doubt whether the conduct is appropriate, you should consult your Human resources represented d o not act on behalf of the Company with an organization in which you or a family member has a financial interest, or which employs a family member or close friend. Do not give preferential treatment, and avoid a situation that would raise the suspicion of preferential treatment. confab with your management, Human resources representative, or the office of the General Counsel or your local legal office about any questionable situation. Do not use any nonpublic information gained through the Company for your personal advantage, or to enable others to profit from it. For example do not profit from a business transaction in which the circumstances indicate that the opportunity belongs to the Company. do not disclose any Company information outside the Company, including financial, product, or bid informati on, prior to its authorized release. If you are a salaried employee, obtain prior written approval from the Company for the following circumstances Before working or perform services for an organization with which the Company does business Before becoming a director, officer, or consultant of any other business For employees who are ll 5 (or its equivalent) or above, before becoming a director, officer, or consultant of a nonprofit or charitable organization (such as the United Way or a disaster relief organization) at the national level, or before accepting a local position (in a similar organization) that has high, community-wide visibility Consult with your local Human r sources representative before you act, if you are in doubt about how this policy affects you. Ive or pay your own way. Conclusion We strive to act with personal and institutional integrity in the workplace, the marketplace, and the communities where we live.We must all understand and apply our values and pol icies to ensure that we compete and win with integrity. Winning with Integrity poses a challenge to each of us. It requires strength of character to act when the easier course would be to ignore the problem. We can all fulfill our responsibilities by * Following Winning with Integrity, ONZAAs Code of Conduct * Raising potential instances of misconduct to leadership * Giving feedback on problem areas and suggesting improvements to leadership * Listening to the concerns of customers, co-workers, dealers, and suppliers and Making sure this information gets proper attention and * Conducting ourselves with the highest ethical standards.Employees who violate these requirements are subject to disciplinary action that, in the judgment of management, is appropriate to the nature of the violation, which may include endpoint of employment. Employees may also be subject to civil and criminal penalties if the law has been violated. References 1. http//www. toyota-global. com/company/vision_p hilosophy/pdf/code_of_conduct. pdf 2. http//www. mitsubishicorp. com/jp/en/about/philosophy/pdf/conduct100624e. pdf 3. http//corporate. ford. com/doc/corporate_conduct_standards. pdf 4. http//www. globalsuzuki. com/corp_info/environmental/pdf/2005_env_soc_report_e. pdf 5. http//www. gm. com/content/dam/gmcom/COMPANY/Investors/Corporate_Governance/PDFs/Winning_With_Integrity. pdf

Development of Youth Culture Essay

There is no single reason for the development of refining rather, it came about as a result of the add of different complaisant changes occurring at the same date. These developments included the increasing economical power of youth people, the influence of the USA and globalisation, affable changes at the end of instauration War 2, development of the media, demographic change in the numbers of young people and the transition to adulthood. Defining jejunenessfulness culture can be operose because different cultures and interruptions in employment statuss can affect the perspective of what youth is.Culture is the way we live within our culture and youth culture is the way youth lives within it but because of the difficulties youth culture could mean different things to different cultures. Youth culture developed in the proto(prenominal) 1950s, although the idea of youth as a phase in life has a longer history. Youth culture was first developed in the States after humanity War 2, which then Britain decided to follow due to media and other influences from America. In my opinion the most important factor that developed youth culture was the economic changes in society.Due to the demand in workers after the Second World War on that point was an economic growth. The first person to put one over the impact this was having on young people was Abrams (1959) who analysed the increased economic power of the teenage consumer. There was a noticeable pattern in what was get most money spent on, because young people were the age group fadeing the highest proportion of their income on leisure activities and music, c mess hallhes and cosmetics. This increase in economic power created the conditions for the emerging youth culture to develop.For the first time, young people had significant amounts of money to spend. some other extremely important factor for the development was the social change at the end of World War 2. There was much more opportunities for you ng people and possibilities at this time. Before the war, Britain was characterized by a kind structure. By the time it came to the 1950s, we started to see a change in the economy and this opened up oppurtunities and individual expression. Judging on conventional standards, opportunities were becoming bigger.Cinema, art, books and theatre began to explore new ideas. Amongst many new ideas was that young people were a distinctive group with new values and ideas about their place in society. The next important development for youth culture in my opinion was the influence of the USA and globalisation. With the changing culture and the growth in affluence of the 1950s, there was a ready market for American goods and culture, which included rock and roll music and other products aimed at the new teenage market.A cite from Leech (76) saying youthquake explained how a change in the new youth was such a sudden change it was like an earthquake. Globalisation recognised what young people wanted and advertised it more. I think the next development of the youth culture which was important was the growth and specialization of media. Media was becoming a lot more popular and so was advertisement. The media started to advertise the products that young people during that time wanted and this was a massive boost for the economics and spread quickly across the world. The 1950s saw an explosion of different sorts of media.This was only possible because of the growth in social diversity and an increase in spending power that persuaded companies to spend large amounts of money advertising the new media. As a high-spending and newly discovered group, young people became the target for advertisers and hence the commercial media competed to attract this market. Another social condition that made the development of youth culture possible was transition to adulthood. Transition refers to the movement from being economically and socially dependent on parents, towards independence.T he length of transition increased over the 20th century as the average period in education. Due to the longer age of being in education, it meant that typical adult responsibilities were taken on increasingly later in life, leaving young people with a number of years where they were physically good but without the responsibilities of adulthood. This caused young people to want their own place in society. The last social condition that helped youth culture become possible was the demographic change in numbers of young people.After the war because couple had been split for so long because of hundreds of men being sent abroad, many cozy experiences had been delayed for years. The result was that when the men were released from the armed forces in 1945/46, there was a huge increase in birth rate. Although many of the children born at this time were not teenagers until the end of 1950s, they did ensure that youth culture continued and grew as a cultural form. Around 50 to 60 years ago, for the first time, a youth culture appeared to be emerging young people appeared to be developing their own values, customs, tastes, clothes, music and language.After studying and discussing all the different social conditions that developed youth culture I have discovered that youth culture wasnt made overnight. It took all these 6 main factors to create this culture and carry it on until this day. Economics was the most important condition in my opinion due to the fact that it all started because of the economic boost after World War 2. America was the country that started this youth culture and Britain followed it after the war ended. Abercrombie et al. (2000) has suggested that youth culture has three distinguishing features leisure, style and peer group.

Assignment Mulally Essay

Assignment 3 Alan Mulally, CEO, ford Motor connection Leadership and organisational behavior- BUS 520 Abstract Leadership is guiding great deal towards productive results to achieve the goals of the organization. An effective leader has the ability to motivate and influence some others. The following sources of power represent the engine of influence that they use effectively and ethically to achieve their goals, however, true leaders atomic number 18 supposed to make the employees work hard by giving their efforts and making sure that the goals and the mission of the organization are achieved.To be effective every leader should have the following competencies Vision, Integrity, Honesty and Values Releasing Potential and Energy. The content of this paper is to outline the roles of leadership and how it affects organizational perfor troopsce. It then discusses the role of Allan Mulallys, CEO of hybridization Motor Company, and leadership style. The paper also presents how mu lally decision to set a goal has increased the companys performance and mentioning how Allan Mulallys openness has gained him trust and helped him to r each(prenominal) his goal.Alan Mulally moved to Ford in 2006. He had worked at Boeing since 1969. He had been chief engineer for development of the 777, and was afterwards Vice President of Engineering for commercial aircraft. Mulally had no sales experience, and he wasnt a Detroit car man, Much less a car man at all. He sold his Lexus after moving to Dearborn. Whats most impressive is Mulallys results oriented leadership style. His management is crisp and authoritative, although he defers to the firms design experts on the minutiae of the product lines.But on the big questions of the companys past mistakes and where its headed, Mulalley made key decisions that placed Ford in good stead. When mulally testified before Congress in December 2008, along with GMs Rick Wagoner and Chryslers Robert Nardelli, he announced that Ford would b e able to survive the recession without a bailout. In 2006, Alan Mulally became the CEO of Ford. At the time, the company was relying heavily on their truck revenue and had several other lines that were not properly supported to earn the best revenue.Some of Mulallys first decisions were to sell off some of their sub brands, namely Jaguar and rural area Rover, and focus more on the small car lines that are becoming more popular with consumers. With a focus on the small cars, this would allow for the company to benefit from economies of scale and increase the profits from selling those cars. He also took out a $23 billion loan to help avoid needing the bailouts that would shape up 2 years later. Mulally threw away the politics involved in the vice president structure, forcing the weekly leadership meeting to be more about the victor of the company than the squabbles of those leading it.He insisted that the vice presidents actually admit to their problems so they basin be handled having operations be labeled either green for going away well, yellow for caution, and red for problems. The vice presidents were apprehensive of this at first, afraid to admit their problems and failures, but Mulally made it apparent he wanted to enjoy these issues to resolve them, alternatively of to sweep them under the rug or assign blame. Finally, Mulally put forth a new mind set for the company integrity Ford, involving a One Team, One Plan, One remnant setup.One Team focused on uniting the individual group in Ford into one cohesive team, each member helping out other members, no matter what project they are on or division they are in. One Plan was about restructuring to operate profitably, accelerate development to get new products that customers would want to buy out sooner, finance the plan, and work together as a team. Finally, One Goal was all about developing an exciting viable Ford with profitable growth. Mulally have a more hands on approach to leadership. He wants to know exactly where the company is and how they were going to get someplace better.This is shown with his color coded operations technique with the vice president meetings. His answers to problems werent just to shrug them off and go back to the status but rather how to proceed from where those problems brought them. Alan Mulally demonstrated organizational innovation he used different methods of production and presidentship. Conveying his ideas and leadership, mulally exhibited his innovation that comprised the ideas from external Ford in conjunction with those ideas from within Ford Motor Company.The message he portrays involvesplanning initiation, execution, selection, and implementation of the objectives to achieve the goals set forth by his administration The success of an innovation is connected to a market forecast of customer needs and wants as well as effective management of the innovationprocess. Concentrating on a fewer products to produce with a lot of improvement an d service innovation involving the introduction of a new service that meet the customers expectations. He has lofty regard for executive management and maintains open communicating.Mulally has an agenda to serve and satisfy not only customers, but employees as well, increase market share, increase profits, and communication is at the top. Alan Mulally has a proven effective leadership style. He is persistent with innovativeprocesses that address issues within the organization to ensure successful development. His management responsibilities embroil reducing the risk managing the customer interface training and managing staff performance and engaging Fords executive team.Highlighting how successful his tactic can be Mulally has insured his reputation as one of industrys great leaders it is well worth paying attention to what he says and strike from his leadership skills. Any successful leader has to know the plan, and areas that need special attention. There are challenging times to be a leader whether it is a cultural crisis, financial crisis, or environmental crisis, but, if one can learn from the experience of a leader such as Alan Mulally, an organization will do just fine and be one of the respected models to follow and learn from.

Bronte, the play

Bronte, the play, is a recent work, with one of its very first productions being staged at the Oxford Playhouse. The idea of it was to win the audience with an insight into the lives of the three Bronte sisters, Emily, Charlotte and Anne. They of course wrote books themselves, including Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre. Ren avered of course for being secluded, they wrote at a time when women writers were scorned by publishers their only air of expressing themselves was indeed through their work. However, whilst the play was written by Polly Teale so that it showed the hardship that the sisters each had to endure in order to have their work published, I impart be seeing whether the performers helped this any make headway.Right from the very start, we as an audience were given a different view on the actual play. The three sisters were in fact standing on stage in normal modern day clothinhg. They said at this point that they did not want the audience to remember this as a real pla y, and that they were just playing the Brontes- and in doing so showing the audience very similar to what their life may have been like. This I believe was extremely effective, as it was interesting. It was interesting because it allowed the audience to genuinely watch the play al or so like a critic and see the ways in which the actors and actresses depicted the lives of the Brontes and of those around them.The most noticeable connection between the actresses was, I thought, how close they actually appeared as sisters. This was especially well done as for most of the play when one was in a scene, the other twain would almost certainly be there. They were indeed united on all fronts, such as the way in which they tried to stand up to their father. Also, there seemed to be an informal pecking order within the sisters. Diane Beck and Fenella Woolgar, playing Emily and Charlotte respectively, seemed to be vying for the dominance, whilst Anne (Catherine Cusack) was very much the other sister. Woolgar and Beck were subtle in highlighting this. Later on we will see this rivalry between the sisters in their writing. However, this truss showed that whilst they undoubtedly loved and cared for their father very much, their bond was simply too tight. This was effective and this was due to the actresses.You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane EyreAll of the actresses here created this in their own ways Beck did so by trying convey her Emily as the leader of the pack- Woolgar did the same also and as well as this tried, and succeeded in creating a rivalry between the two of them.Cusacks Anne. However this bond was not shared with their brother Bramwell. Both he and his sisters tangle that the other side had wasted their lives. Bramwell felt that his sisters had no life, confined to the house, and the sisters felt on the other hand that Bramwell was shallow, as his life consisted of little more than drink. This tension reared its head finally in one scen e in particular. This was where he pinned Emily down on the floor and taunted her of the fact that she was still a virgin. This was extremely well done as at a couple of points during the scene, the audience were unsettled as to whether Bramwell was actually about to rape his own sister. The other sisters were of course torn between stepping and protecting Emily, as possibly getting roughed up themselves, or simply standing by and watching Bramwell. We can see this emotion on the stage as the sisters deliberate what to do such was the quality of the playacting that was portrayed by their bond. Yet, it is interesting to note that Charlotte was in fact the more reluctant of the two other sisters to in fact go and aid Emily- this added further spice to the plot.Also, however, Emily translated this pain through her own writing into her books. She believed that this helped to channel her anger, and therefore by doing this she showed that she was indeed feeling better. This reflected it self onto the audience, and their own particular feelings regarding the attack.The most important use in the play except for the sisters is undoubtedly Bertha. Although not an actual person in the play, she represented the feelings and anxieties of all of the sisters within the play. One prominent part was square(p) after the sex attack where Bertha was mirroring the anxieties of Emily. Bertha called out He beat me, he beat me like a dog. She cried in a moaning voice too. The actress playing Bertha was maybe the most accomplished, despite being just 20. She played Ellie in About a Boy also. Her experience shone through as well she was not xenophobic to moan, and to move fluidly like a snake as she did, and this was good as this contradicted the rest of the play. It added a sense of realism, as we were truly allowed to see into the deep thoughts of both Emily and of Charlotte.Another important part with this character was at the very end of the play. At this part, she throws feat hers everywhere across. Throughout the play at certain she had thrown small handfuls on stage. However, it seemed as thought at the end she was letting all of her emotion and stress out on stage, as though she had finally exploded with anger. It appeared as though she had literally gone mad also. The actress here was extremely effective, not only because her actual action was so random, but also because the way which she so carelessly threw away the feathers was good as it showed that she also seemed to know not what she was doing, just like Charlotte or Emily letting the ink ooze from their pen onto the page. thus in conclusion it could be said that whilst the play of Bronte itself was indeed extremely thought-provoking and even gain an entertaining into the lives of the Bronte sisters, it was undoubtedly the performers who made this possible, through their own separate ways. The skills required needed to be of the highest quality. The performers had this and thus made the producti on effective.

Effective Communication In Health and Social Care Essay

Under contain good dialogue and inter somebodyal interaction in Health and genial CargonProduce a staff handbook for new staff at a nonmigratoryial panorama for commonwealth with trying demandingies and other converse difficulties including various forms of converse needs and preferences and the role of effective confabulation in team represent and supporting individuals.Emily RhodesContents PageThe two main con text editions in which health and social pull off workers use the conversation cycle be one-to-one and group communication.One-to-one Communication This interaction often involves a third stage process. 1) Greeting or warming up, 2) conversation or information exchange, 3) farewells or winding down. When you start a conversation with somebody you bugger off to atomic number 50vass and make them feel relaxed and it is valuable to score a positive emotional atmosphere. Very often nation forget start a one-to-one communication with a agnizeing such as Good Morning, as this hand overs you are helping them to feel relaxed by showing a positive and genial attitude. This type of communication is effective within a health and social sustentation environment because, if a nurse/carer had a new resident, hence they wee to set an drill, so that the resident leave feel safe, and will be able to build trust with the nurse/carer.Group Communication This type of communication is only effective if everyone within the group wants to be involved. It is right that the group has the right emotional atmosphere, as mickle whitethorn feel threatened, or whitethornnot be confident enough to speak up within a formal group conversation. Group maintenance is chief(prenominal), as this enables people to create the right atmosphere. Having a group leader coffin nail be useful, because they will be able to encourage people to express their ideas, and make sure people move out their turn when talking.This type of communication is effective wit hin health and social care as there are many meetings, which could be discussing a residents needs/preferences. This is effective because everyones ideas will be taken into consideration and will be able to get the best outcome. til now this type of communication locoweed be confusing for people with hearing impairments, as if a soulfulness is desensitise, they focus on one person to do sign up language so its not too confusing for them, entirely in a group, a lot of stuff buttocks be misunderstood and would be too confusing.Communication between colleagues Communicating with people at work is different that communicating with friends and family. This is because it is grievous to show respect to your work colleagues, as if this happens, you may fail to show respect to the people who use care services. Also colleagues have to check trust with each(prenominal) other, and its important to show that you have respect for the confidentiality of a colleague. This type of com munication is often informal but it is important that care workers use skilled communication in rank to split up respect and trust. This type of communication is effective in health and social care, as it can boost productivity and improve employee satisfaction. ballock Formal communication is quite common within health and social care work. This type of language shows resect to others and shows your powerfulness, however formal language can sometimes come across as being too posh or pretentious. This type of language is understood by a wide ordain of people, however some speech communities may vex it hard to clear so care workers usually adjust the way they speak in order for them to understand. An example of formal language in a health and social care setting would be a social services desk, they may greet you with a Good Morning, How may I help you? rather than What you after then?. It shows respect and makes the person they are speaking to feel much welcome. versed This type of communication is often used when we know them person we are speaking too, well, for example friends and family. These types of groups may use language that can only be understood between them, or local groups from particular areas may only use language that they understand. In health and social care this type of communication may only be used between staff. This is because if a care worker was to use informal language to a resident or patient, they may not understand or they may feel uncomfortable with how they are being spoken too. However if staff were to say to each other hiya, hows it goin they may just feel give care this is a warm friendly greeting.CommunicationForms Communication enables us to give ideas and information. It helps people to feel safe, to form relationships and develop self-esteem.Text Messaging This type of communication within a residential setting for people with learning and communication difficulties, would be effective as if a person is deaf, or with hearing impairments than text messaging things like doctors appointments would not only make sure that they are reminded, but also that they have understood properly. They also would be able to correct themselves if they have misunderstood a translator.Written Communication This type of communication would be effective as when something is written down you can analyze it and change any mistakes or add anything in, which makes it reliable, whereas if youre talking, changing your spoken communication all the time can be misinterpreted or it can cause service users to receive the wrong care or cause conflict between people. If a resident has autism for example, they find it difficult to form social relationships with people, so oral communication wouldnt be as effective, whereas just writing something down could make them feel more comfortable.Oral Communication This type of communication would be effective in this particular health and social care environment, as if there is a person with dyslexia, it may be easier to speak to them orally, and repeat yourself, for them to understand, rather than writing something down which they may not beable to read properly and this may be easier for them to misinterpret what youre trying to say. It is also used in many other care environments, like doctors surgeries, hospitals and old peoples homes. Oral communication in this environment would be effective as it enables care workers give important information quicker than written, and also explain practice of medicine so that the patient knows what to do. It can also help someone to gain trust for their doctor etc., as they will be able to comfort them through with(predicate) oral communication.Symbols The use of symbols whether it be written or diagrams, all communicate different messages to people, such as traffic signs. In this particular setting, the use of Makaton will be used greatly, due to it helping people with learning disabilities, develop their langu age skills. Makaton may speak a word and perform a sign using hands and body language, and also there is a large range of symbols which also help people with learning disabilities communicate with others.Technology study technology helps to provide enlarged visual displays of voice descriptions for people with visual impairments. This type of communication can support the residents because there is also voice typewrite for people with dyslexia, which can turn speech into writing. Some of the electronic communication systems can be activated by air pressure, meaning that a person can communicate using an oral tube connected to estimatorized equipment. However a more simpler way of using technology to communicate would be things like flash cards or picture books, which will improve the communication for people who do not use a spoke language or signed language.Inter individual(prenominal) interaction.Speech Speaking distinctly is essential when working with people with service u sers, as they may have problem with receiving or well-favored messages. Different localities, ethnic groups and work cultures all have their own words that they use these may be referred to as different speech communities. Some people may feel threatened or excluded by these different speech communities. Some people think that just using formal language will solve the problem, but that is wrong, because care workers, who use jargon, canalso create barriers for people who are not part of that different speech community. So in this type of setting speech would be very important as if a person has learning disabilities or hearing impairments for example, then speaking clearly would allow them to lip read, and understand what is being said.First Language This is the language in which you are brought up from birth to think and communicate with. People who learn a second language later on in life cant communicate their thoughts as effectively as they can with their front language. This is usually the preferred language as they have been learned to think like that growing up. In a care setting, this type of interaction is important as if someone has learnt a different language, like polish for example, then their accent may change from their English accent, and make service users find what they are trying to say, hard to understand, as they have learning disabilities, they may get confused. Non-verbal communication This type of communication is a way of studying a person so that you can understand whether theyre feeling sad, tired, happy, angry or frightened without speaking. It refers to the messages we are sending but without using words.These messages are sent by our eyes, tone of our voice, facial expressions, position of hands and arms, gestures with hands and arms, the angle of our head and body posture. This type of communication is important in health and social care because it allows the care worker to see if a person is feeling sad or If they care worke r has suggested something, and the patient/resident agrees with what they have said, they may not be thinking that, and show this with their emotions, so then the care worker can see this and then adjust what they have said. It is important in this setting because people with learning disabilities like autism, find it difficult talking to people about their emotions, so care workers can interpret this and help them without them having to struggle, however a care worker may also interpret it in the wrong way and do the wrong things. Posture The way that you sit or stand can make a difference to how a person receives messages from you.As a care worker you can sometimes be misinterpreted, as if you have your arms crossed it can mean Im not taking any notice but even if you just find it comfy, as a care worker you should never have your arms crossed, as it doesnt make you look respectable.Leaning hind end whilst sat down can send messages like your relaxed or bored. So sitting forward would make you look involved and like you are bothered and interested. This is important as a care worker, working with people with disabilities as they may already feel lonely etc. so when you are folding your arms and leaning back this can make them feel worse. Facial Expression Your face can indicate your emotional state. If a care worker was listening to what a resident was saying, then it is important for the care worker to convey the right impression. If the care worker was to smile it would indicate agreement or approvement of the message being received, where as a scowl would indicate displeasure and disagreement.Most people can recognize emotions from others, but you also have to understand your nonverbal behavior may influence others. Touch Touching another person can send messages of affection, care, power over them or sexual interest. To help you to understand what their touch may mean, the social setting and body language will play a massive part in helping you under stand, however touch can be easily misinterpreted. A care worker may hold a persons hand to reassure them and comfort them, but this can be interpreted as an attempt to dominate them.In health and social care, this type of interaction is helpful as it is a way of communication without words, for example if a person was unable to speak, they may have dyslexia, then touch would allow the care worker to communicate to them without having to speak or make them speak, if the resident was to need a bit of affection, to reassure them, they may touch the care worker for them to touch back, however making sure this is done in an abstract manner.Proximity This is the space between you and the person that you are communicating with. It shows how friendly or intimate the conversation is. There are different cultures which have different customs regarding the proximity between people when they are talking. In Britain there are expectations for how far you should be last(prenominal) from some one. An arms length away would be when talking to strangers, although shaking hands may bring you closer. Relatives and partners may not have restrictions as to how far or close they can come. In this setting, proximity is very important as if a care worker assumes that it is fine to enter the personal space of a service user, without asking or explaining why then this can be seen as dominating /or being aggressive.Communication and Language needs and preferences the individuals preferred method of communication.It is important to understand that many people use different types of communication which are specific to them. If a person uses British Sign Language for example, it may be important to employ an interpreter. However some carers learn these things so that they are able to communicate with people. A person who is blind or has visual impairments may use braille as opposed to text, so that they can read information.British Sign Language BSL is the preferred language for many deaf people within the UK. It was recognized as an official language for deaf people in 2003, which has led to funding and an increased awareness of the language and how much it helps deaf people to communicate. In this health and social care setting, BSL would be important for communicating to the residents who are deaf, as it is important to talk to them about their medicinal drug, needs or preferences. Its also important for the care workers to be able to understand what the deaf people are trying to say, and so that the care workers understand what they want.Makaton This is a language programme using signs and symbols to help people to communicate. It is mostly commonly used for people with learning disabilities, as it is designed to support spoken language and the signs and symbols are used with speech, in spoken word order, so that if the speech is unclear, the symbols may help a person to understand. So if the child or self-aggrandizing with the learning disability has tro uble with their speech, Makaton will support this and then many people drop the signs and symbols naturally at their own pace as they develop speech, but some people use Makaton for their whole lives.Braille Braille is used for people who are blind or visual impairments. It allows them to read text and write information. It is a system of raised marks that can be felt by the fingers. It can be processed by moderncomputer software, and be printed out using special printers. It is effective as it allows the blind to be able to read and write through touch, meaning that they can communication with other people, important in health and social care, as they will be able to explain pain or read their own medication etc.Argyles Communication CycleFor communication to be effective it involves a two way process in which each person tries to understand the project point of the other person. Good communication involves the process of checking, understanding, and using reflective or active li stening. An example of this would be when working with a resident and the care worker using touch when listening to a resident, as this can be shown as effective, and can show that the message was received and decoded, but this can be misinterpreted if not used in the right way. Another example would be if a care worker is explaining something to a patient, the patient will show understanding by nodding or using other nonverbal communication. This shows that the patient has received the message clearly and has understood the care worker, which will then allow the care worker to know that the patient is sure what has been said. This is important in this setting as people with learning disabilities find it more difficult to understand things, so showing understanding will allow the care worker to either help the resident or know that they understand the conversation.This is the communication cycle1 An idea occurs You have an idea of what you want to communicate 2 Message coded You t hink through how you are going to say what you are thinking. You put your thoughts into language or into some other code such as sign language. 3 Message sent You speak or possibly you sign, write, or send a message in some other way. 4 Message received The other person has to sense your message, they hear your words or see your symbols. 5 Message decoded The other person has to interpret your message. However this is not always easy as the other person may make assumptions about your words orbody language. 6 Message understood If it all goes well then your ideas will be understood but it might not be the first time.Tuckmans Stages of Group InteractionThe communication within groups can be influenced by how people feel with each other. When people meet for the first time they often go through a process of group formation, which will allow them to communicate effectively. Tuckmans system is set into four stages1 Forming2 Storming3 Norming4 playing1 Forming is the first stage which involves group members to form a team or group discussion. At this stage the members would ask questions about the purpose or aims of the group and also share information. This stage is important because it allows people to exchange personal information and get to know each other. 2 Storming is the second stage which involves the growth of the group. This stage eliminates the strong groups from the weaker ones, and some groups may not make it past this stage. The relationships will either be made or broken at this stage, it is important for the team to have a strong leadership at this stage.3 Norming is the third stage in which all the team agree on the rules and values by which they operate. They begin to trust each other and individuals may take greater responsibilities so the leader can now take a step back. Personal, intimate and realm opinions are expressed in this stage. 4 Performing is the last stage and not all teams make it to this stage. Structural issues are reso lved in this stage which allows roles to become flexible and functional and group qualification is channeled into the task. There is a high level of respect in the group and they are more strategically aware of what is to be done.